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href="/categories/JavaScript/">JavaScript</a></span></div><div class="meta-secondline"><span class="post-meta-separator">|</span><span data-flag-title="This指向与改变This指向"><i class="far fa-eye fa-fw post-meta-icon"></i><span class="post-meta-label">阅读量:</span><span id="twikoo_visitors"><i class="fa-solid fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span></span></div></div></div></header><main class="layout" id="content-inner"><div id="post"><article class="post-content" id="article-container"><h3 id="This指向与改变This指向"><a href="#This指向与改变This指向" class="headerlink" title="This指向与改变This指向"></a>This指向与改变This指向</h3><h4 id="This-的指向"><a href="#This-的指向" class="headerlink" title="This 的指向"></a>This 的指向</h4><p>在 ES5 中，其实 this 的指向，始终坚持一个原理：<strong>this 永远指向最后调用它的那个对象。</strong></p><p><strong>例1：</strong></p><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> name = <span class="string">&quot;windowsName&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title function_">a</span>(<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">var</span> name = <span class="string">&quot;Cherry&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">name</span>);          <span class="comment">// windowsName</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">&quot;inner:&quot;</span> + <span class="variable language_">this</span>);    <span class="comment">// inner: Window</span></span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="title function_">a</span>();</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="string">&quot;outer:&quot;</span> + <span class="variable language_">this</span>)         <span class="comment">// outer: Window</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p><strong>this 永远指向最后调用它的那个对象</strong>，我们看最后调用 <code>a</code> 的地方 <code>a();</code>，前面没有调用的对象那么就是全局对象 window，这就相当于是 <code>window.a()</code>；</p><p>注意，这里我们没有使用严格模式，如果使用严格模式的话，全局对象就是 <code>undefined</code>，那么就会报错 <code>Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property &#39;name&#39; of undefined</code>。</p><p><strong>例2：</strong></p><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> name = <span class="string">&quot;windowsName&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> a = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">name</span>: <span class="string">&quot;Cherry&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    fn : <span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">name</span>);      <span class="comment">// Cherry</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line">a.<span class="title function_">fn</span>();</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>在这个例子中，函数 fn 是对象 a 调用的，所以打印的值就是 a 中的 name 的值。</p><p>我们做一个小小的改动：</p><p><strong>例 3：</strong></p><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> name = <span class="string">&quot;windowsName&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">var</span> a = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">name</span>: <span class="string">&quot;Cherry&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">        fn : <span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">name</span>);      <span class="comment">// Cherry</span></span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable language_">window</span>.<span class="property">a</span>.<span class="title function_">fn</span>();</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>这里打印 Cherry 的原因也是因为刚刚那句话“<strong>this 永远指向最后调用它的那个对象</strong>”，最后调用它的对象仍然是对象 a。所以<code>fn</code>方法中的this指向<code>a</code></p><p><strong>例 4：</strong></p><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> name = <span class="string">&quot;windowsName&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> a = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// name: &quot;Cherry&quot;,</span></span><br><span class="line">    fn : <span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">name</span>);      <span class="comment">// undefined</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="variable language_">window</span>.<span class="property">a</span>.<span class="title function_">fn</span>();</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>这里打印 <code>undefined</code>是因为正如刚刚所描述的那样，调用 fn 的是 a 对象，也就是说 fn 的内部的 this 是对象 a，而对象 a 中并没有对 name 进行定义，所以 log 的 <code>this.name</code> 的值是 <code>undefined</code>。</p><p>还是这句话：<strong>this 永远指向最后调用它的那个对象</strong>，因为最后调用 fn 的对象是 a，所以就算 a 中没有 name 这个属性，也不会继续向上一个对象寻找 <code>this.name</code>，而是直接输出 <code>undefined</code></p><p>例 5：</p><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> name = <span class="string">&quot;windowsName&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> a = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    name : <span class="literal">null</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="comment">// name: &quot;Cherry&quot;,</span></span><br><span class="line">    fn : <span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">name</span>);      <span class="comment">// windowsName</span></span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> f = a.<span class="property">fn</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="title function_">f</span>();</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>这里你可能会有疑问，为什么不是 <code>Cherry</code>，这是因为虽然将 a 对象的 fn 方法赋值给变量 f 了，但是没有调用，还是这句话：“<strong>this 永远指向最后调用它的那个对象</strong>”，由于刚刚的 f 并没有调用，所以 <code>fn()</code> 最后仍然是被 window 调用的。所以 this 指向的也就是 window。</p><p><strong>this 的指向并不是在创建的时候就可以确定的，在 es5 中，永远是this 永远指向最后调用它的那个对象。</strong></p><h2 id="改变-this-的指向"><a href="#改变-this-的指向" class="headerlink" title="改变 this 的指向"></a>改变 this 的指向</h2><p>改变 this 的指向我总结有以下几种方法：</p><ul><li>使用 ES6 的箭头函数</li><li>在函数内部使用 <code>_this = this</code></li><li>使用 <code>apply</code>、<code>call</code>、<code>bind</code></li><li>new 实例化一个对象</li></ul><p><strong>例 7：</strong></p><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> name = <span class="string">&quot;windowsName&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> a = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    name : <span class="string">&quot;Cherry&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">func1</span>: <span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">name</span>)     </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;,</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">func2</span>: <span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">setTimeout</span>(  <span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="title function_">func1</span>()</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;,<span class="number">100</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">a.<span class="title function_">func2</span>()     <span class="comment">// this.func1 is not a function</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>在不使用箭头函数的情况下，是会报错的，因为最后调用 <code>setTimeout</code> 的对象是 window，但是在 window 中并没有 func1 函数。</p><h3 id="箭头函数"><a href="#箭头函数" class="headerlink" title="箭头函数"></a>箭头函数</h3><p><strong>箭头函数的 this 始终指向函数定义时的 this，而非执行时。</strong>，箭头函数需要记着这句话：“箭头函数中没有 this绑定，必须通过查找作用域链来决定其值，如果箭头函数被非箭头函数包含，则 this 绑定的是最近一层非箭头函数的 this，否则，this 为 <code>undefined</code>。</p><p><strong>例 8 ：</strong></p><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> name = <span class="string">&quot;windowsName&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> a = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    name : <span class="string">&quot;Cherry&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">func1</span>: <span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">name</span>)     </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;,</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">func2</span>: <span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">setTimeout</span>( <span class="function">() =&gt;</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="title function_">func1</span>()</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;,<span class="number">100</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">a.<span class="title function_">func2</span>()     <span class="comment">// Cherry</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h3 id="在函数内部使用-this-this"><a href="#在函数内部使用-this-this" class="headerlink" title="在函数内部使用 _this = this"></a>在函数内部使用 <code>_this = this</code></h3><p>如果不使用 ES6，那么这种方式应该是最简单的不会出错的方式了，先将调用这个函数的对象保存在变量 <code>_this</code> 中，然后在函数中都使用这个 <code>_this</code>，这样 <code>_this</code> 就不会改变了。</p><p><strong>例 9：</strong></p><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> name = <span class="string">&quot;windowsName&quot;</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> a = &#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    name : <span class="string">&quot;Cherry&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">func1</span>: <span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">name</span>)     </span><br><span class="line">    &#125;,</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">func2</span>: <span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="keyword">var</span> _this = <span class="variable language_">this</span>;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">setTimeout</span>( <span class="keyword">function</span>(<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            _this.<span class="title function_">func1</span>()</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;,<span class="number">100</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">a.<span class="title function_">func2</span>()       <span class="comment">// Cherry</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>这个例子中，在 func2 中，首先设置 <code>var _this = this;</code>，这里的 <code>this</code> 是调用 <code>func2</code> 的对象 a，为了防止在 <code>func2</code> 中的 setTimeout 被 window 调用而导致的在 setTimeout 中的 this 为 window。我们将 <code>this(指向变量 a)</code> 赋值给一个变量 <code>_this</code>，这样，在 <code>func2</code> 中我们使用 <code>_this</code> 就是指向对象 a 了。</p><h3 id="使用-apply、call、bind"><a href="#使用-apply、call、bind" class="headerlink" title="使用 apply、call、bind"></a>使用 apply、call、bind</h3><p>使用 apply、call、bind 函数也是可以改变 this 的指向的，</p><h4 id="使用-apply"><a href="#使用-apply" class="headerlink" title="使用 apply"></a>使用 apply</h4><p><strong>例 10：</strong></p><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> a = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    name : <span class="string">&quot;Cherry&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">func1</span>: <span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">name</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;,</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">func2</span>: <span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">setTimeout</span>(  <span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="title function_">func1</span>()</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;.<span class="title function_">apply</span>(a),<span class="number">100</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">a.<span class="title function_">func2</span>()            <span class="comment">// Cherry</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h4 id="使用-call"><a href="#使用-call" class="headerlink" title="使用 call"></a>使用 call</h4><p><strong>例 11：</strong></p><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> a = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    name : <span class="string">&quot;Cherry&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">func1</span>: <span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">name</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;,</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">func2</span>: <span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">setTimeout</span>(  <span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="title function_">func1</span>()</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;.<span class="title function_">call</span>(a),<span class="number">100</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">a.<span class="title function_">func2</span>()            <span class="comment">// Cherry</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h4 id="使用-bind"><a href="#使用-bind" class="headerlink" title="使用 bind"></a>使用 bind</h4><p><strong>例 12：</strong></p><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> a = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    name : <span class="string">&quot;Cherry&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">func1</span>: <span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>(<span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">name</span>)</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;,</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">func2</span>: <span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="built_in">setTimeout</span>(  <span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="title function_">func1</span>()</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;.<span class="title function_">bind</span>(a)(),<span class="number">100</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">&#125;;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">a.<span class="title function_">func2</span>()            <span class="comment">// Cherry</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h3 id="apply、call、bind-区别"><a href="#apply、call、bind-区别" class="headerlink" title="apply、call、bind 区别"></a>apply、call、bind 区别</h3><p>刚刚我们已经介绍了 apply、call、bind 都是可以改变 this 的指向的，但是这三个函数稍有不同。</p><h4 id="在-MDN-中定义-apply-如下"><a href="#在-MDN-中定义-apply-如下" class="headerlink" title="在 MDN 中定义 apply 如下:"></a>在 <a href="https://link.juejin.cn/?target=https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Function/apply">MDN</a> 中定义 apply 如下:</h4><blockquote><p>apply() 方法调用一个函数, 其具有一个指定的this值，以及作为一个数组（或类似数组的对象）提供的参数</p></blockquote><p>语法：</p><blockquote><p>fun.apply(thisArg, [argsArray])</p></blockquote><ul><li>thisArg：在 fun 函数运行时指定的 this 值。需要注意的是，指定的 this 值并不一定是该函数执行时真正的 this 值，如果这个函数处于非严格模式下，则指定为 null 或 undefined 时会自动指向全局对象（浏览器中就是window对象），同时值为原始值（数字，字符串，布尔值）的 this 会指向该原始值的自动包装对象。</li><li>argsArray：一个数组或者类数组对象，其中的数组元素将作为单独的参数传给 fun 函数。如果该参数的值为null 或 undefined，则表示不需要传入任何参数。从ECMAScript 5 开始可以使用类数组对象。浏览器兼容性请参阅本文底部内容。</li></ul><p>其实 apply 和 call 基本类似，他们的区别只是传入的参数不同。</p><h4 id="call-的语法为："><a href="#call-的语法为：" class="headerlink" title="call 的语法为："></a><strong>call 的语法为：</strong></h4><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">fun.<span class="title function_">call</span>(thisArg[, arg1[, arg2[, ...]]])</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>所以 apply 和 call 的区别是 call 方法接受的是若干个参数列表，而 apply 接收的是一个包含多个参数的数组。</p><p><strong>例 13：</strong></p><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> a =&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    name : <span class="string">&quot;Cherry&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    fn : <span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params">a,b</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>( a + b)</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> b = a.<span class="property">fn</span>;</span><br><span class="line">b.<span class="title function_">apply</span>(a,[<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">2</span>])     <span class="comment">// 3</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p><strong>例 14：</strong></p><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> a =&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    name : <span class="string">&quot;Cherry&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    fn : <span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params">a,b</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>( a + b)</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> b = a.<span class="property">fn</span>;</span><br><span class="line">b.<span class="title function_">call</span>(a,<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">2</span>)       <span class="comment">// 3</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h4 id="bind"><a href="#bind" class="headerlink" title="bind"></a>bind</h4><blockquote><p>bind()方法创建一个新的函数, 当被调用时，将其this关键字设置为提供的值，在调用新函数时，在任何提供之前提供一个给定的参数序列。</p></blockquote><p>bind 是创建一个新的函数，我们必须要手动去调用：</p><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> a =&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    name : <span class="string">&quot;Cherry&quot;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">    fn : <span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params">a,b</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="variable language_">console</span>.<span class="title function_">log</span>( a + b)</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> b = a.<span class="property">fn</span>;</span><br><span class="line">b.<span class="title function_">bind</span>(a,<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="number">2</span>)()           <span class="comment">// 3</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="使用构造函数调用函数"><a href="#使用构造函数调用函数" class="headerlink" title="使用构造函数调用函数"></a>使用构造函数调用函数</h2><blockquote><p>如果函数调用前使用了 new 关键字, 则是调用了构造函数。<br>这看起来就像创建了新的函数，但实际上 JavaScript 函数是重新创建的对象：</p></blockquote><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 构造函数:</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">function</span> <span class="title function_">myFunction</span>(<span class="params">arg1, arg2</span>) &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">firstName</span> = arg1;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="variable language_">this</span>.<span class="property">lastName</span>  = arg2;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// This    creates a new object</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> a = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title function_">myFunction</span>(<span class="string">&quot;Li&quot;</span>,<span class="string">&quot;Cherry&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">a.<span class="property">lastName</span>;                             <span class="comment">// 返回 &quot;Cherry&quot;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h3 id="new-的过程，-ಥ-ಥ"><a href="#new-的过程，-ಥ-ಥ" class="headerlink" title="new 的过程，(ಥ_ಥ)"></a>new 的过程，(ಥ_ಥ)</h3><p>这里就简单的来看一下 new 的过程吧：<br>伪代码表示：</p><figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">var</span> a = <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="title function_">myFunction</span>(<span class="string">&quot;Li&quot;</span>,<span class="string">&quot;Cherry&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">new</span> myFunction&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">var</span> obj = &#123;&#125;;</span><br><span class="line">    obj.<span class="property">__proto__</span> = myFunction.<span class="property"><span class="keyword">prototype</span></span>;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">var</span> result = myFunction.<span class="title function_">call</span>(obj,<span class="string">&quot;Li&quot;</span>,<span class="string">&quot;Cherry&quot;</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">typeof</span> result === <span class="string">&#x27;obj&#x27;</span>? result : obj;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><ol><li>创建一个空对象 obj;</li><li>将新创建的空对象的隐式原型指向其构造函数的显示原型。</li><li>使用 call 改变 this 的指向</li><li>如果无返回值或者返回一个非对象值，则将 obj 返回作为新对象；如果返回值是一个新对象的话那么直接直接返回该对象。</li></ol><p><strong>所以我们可以看到，在 new 的过程中，我们是使用 call 改变了 this 的指向</strong></p></article><div class="post-copyright"><div class="post-copyright__author"><span class="post-copyright-meta">本文作者:</span> <span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://webxc.eu.org">XC's Blog</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__type"><span class="post-copyright-meta">本文链接:</span> <span class="post-copyright-info"><a href="https://webxc.eu.org/post/3486264073/">https://webxc.eu.org/post/3486264073/</a></span></div><div class="post-copyright__notice"><span class="post-copyright-meta">版权声明:</span> <span class="post-copyright-info">本博客所有文章除特别声明外，均采用 <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/" target="_blank">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0</a> 许可协议。转载请注明来自 <a href="https://webxc.eu.org" target="_blank">XC's Blog</a>！</span></div></div><div class="tag_share"><div class="post-meta__tag-list"><a class="post-meta__tags" href="/tags/JavaScript/">JavaScript</a></div><div 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class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#This%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91%E4%B8%8E%E6%94%B9%E5%8F%98This%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">This指向与改变This指向</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#This-%E7%9A%84%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">This 的指向</span></a></li></ol></li></ol><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E6%94%B9%E5%8F%98-this-%E7%9A%84%E6%8C%87%E5%90%91"><span class="toc-number"></span> <span class="toc-text">改变 this 的指向</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%AE%AD%E5%A4%B4%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">箭头函数</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9C%A8%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E5%86%85%E9%83%A8%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8-this-this"><span class="toc-number">2.</span> <span class="toc-text">在函数内部使用 _this &#x3D; this</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8-apply%E3%80%81call%E3%80%81bind"><span class="toc-number">3.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用 apply、call、bind</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8-apply"><span class="toc-number">3.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用 apply</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8-call"><span class="toc-number">3.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用 call</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8-bind"><span class="toc-number">3.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">使用 bind</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#apply%E3%80%81call%E3%80%81bind-%E5%8C%BA%E5%88%AB"><span class="toc-number">4.</span> <span class="toc-text">apply、call、bind 区别</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9C%A8-MDN-%E4%B8%AD%E5%AE%9A%E4%B9%89-apply-%E5%A6%82%E4%B8%8B"><span class="toc-number">4.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">在 MDN 中定义 apply 如下:</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#call-%E7%9A%84%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95%E4%B8%BA%EF%BC%9A"><span class="toc-number">4.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">call 的语法为：</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-4"><a class="toc-link" href="#bind"><span class="toc-number">4.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">bind</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E6%9E%84%E9%80%A0%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0%E8%B0%83%E7%94%A8%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number"></span> <span class="toc-text">使用构造函数调用函数</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#new-%E7%9A%84%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B%EF%BC%8C-%E0%B2%A5-%E0%B2%A5"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">new 的过程，(ಥ_ಥ)</span></a></li></ol></li></div></div><div class="card-widget card-recent-post"><div class="item-headline"><i class="fas fa-history"></i><span>最新文章</span></div><div class="aside-list"><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/post/ds2s/" title="整个前端面试题"><img src="https://cdn1.tianli0.top/gh/web-xc/iMG/postss/vue.png" onerror='this.onerror=null,this.src="https://npm.elemecdn.com/webxc@1.0.2/banner/404.gif"' alt="整个前端面试题"></a><div class="content"><a class="title" href="/post/ds2s/" title="整个前端面试题">整个前端面试题</a><time datetime="2023-08-31T02:00:00.000Z" title="发表于 2023-08-31 02:00:00">2023-08-31</time></div></div><div class="aside-list-item"><a class="thumbnail" href="/post/ds23/" title="常见前端面试题"><img src="https://cdn1.tianli0.top/gh/web-xc/iMG/postss/vue.png" 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